Institutional research

Departmental topics.

1. FORMATION OF AN ANOTED CHRONOLOGY OF KEY POINTS AND FACTS OF FUNDAMENTAL SCIENCES (Approved by the Order of the Presidium of the NAS of Ukraine dated 29 December 2016 No. 949, by the decision of the Bureau of the Department of History, Philosophy and Law of the NAS of Ukraine dated 30 June 2016 No. 6. Decision of the Expert Council at the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine dated 14 September 2016 No. 3. Decision of the Expert Council at the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine dated 21 December 2016 No. 6).

Scientific Supervisor: Khramov Yu.O., Doctor of Physics and Mathematics, Professor, Head of Department No. 1.

Deadlines: 2017-2019.

The purpose of the research is to create an annotated chronology of key events and facts of fundamental sciences (physical and mathematical, Earth and space sciences, chemical and biological) within the framework of the appropriate periodization, developed on the basis of selected revolutionary, breakthrough events, revealing the content of events and facts and their significance for the further development of these sciences, the contribution of Ukrainian scientists, and clarifying priorities.

Assessment of scientific and technical level: has no analogues abroad, meets high-level international standards.

Annotated report on the results of the implementation.

Based on the developed and improved methodology for identifying key facts and events in the history of science, which has already been tested in a number of publications, a chronology was formed in the field of physical, mechanical and mathematical sciences, Earth and space sciences, chemical and biological sciences. The chronology is presented within the framework of the corresponding periodization schemes created on the basis of selected revolutionary, breakthrough events in the history of fundamental sciences. The contribution of Ukrainian scientists is also presented.

Within the framework of the topic, for the first time in historical literature, a list of the most important scientific achievements of scientists of the NAS of Ukraine over the 100 years of its existence has been formed, which include new theories created, discoveries of new phenomena and patterns, inventions, technologies and machines, new materials, medicines, plants and other products of scientific and scientific-technical activity, which make a significant contribution to world science and contribute to the socio-economic development of Ukraine on an innovative basis.

The most important scientific results obtained:

1. Key factors and events in the history of science have been identified, a factual database and chronology of fundamental sciences have been formed - mathematics, mechanics, physics, cybernetics, computer science, chemistry, geology, biology, space science, geography and oceanography, geophysics, fundamental achievements of scientists of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, which is accompanied by appropriate definitions regarding the significance of a particular fact for the further development of science with reference to primary sources.

The manuscript “Chronology of Fundamental Sciences” has been prepared. The chronology covers the main ideas, theories, discoveries, inventions, devices and installations, the monograph identifies and describes 10,000 key facts and events from the history of science that have had the greatest impact on the further development of world science. At the same time, many new names, events and facts have been introduced into wide scientific circulation, many dates have been clarified and a new perspective on a number of events and processes has been given in some places. The book will be the first on this topic, which has no analogues abroad and meets high-level international standards.

2. A conceptual framework has been developed, according to which the outstanding achievements of scientists of the NAS of Ukraine, obtained during the history of its existence, are considered to be key scientific and scientific-technical ideas and theories built on their basis, discoveries of new phenomena and regularities, inventions, designed devices and equipment, created new materials and technologies, fundamental monographs that significantly influenced the development of science and technology and their individual areas and organically fit into the context of world science and technology. Methodological recommendations for the preparation of information on outstanding achievements have also been developed, which included the definition of the result obtained, its annotation, meaning, information about the authors, photographs, literary primary source, summary in English. As a result, the book "National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Outstanding Achievements. 1918–2018" was published at a high scientific, literary and artistic-printing level in the volume of 25 regionally-published sheets. Such a publication was created for the first time and confirmed the innovative model of the history of science proposed at the Institute.
3. The second supplemented and corrected edition of the book “National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Chronology. 1918–2018” has been prepared and published. It is a compilation of the most important events and facts from the activities of the Academy. Compared to the first edition in 2013, its volume has been increased by one and a half times, a significant number of key facts are accompanied by annotations and references to primary sources, the book has been supplemented with new scientific results and archival documents, and the texts of the period of Ukraine’s independence have been expanded. The chronology is presented within the framework of the appropriate periodization and socio-political context.
4. The biographical reference work ‘Leadership of the NAS of Ukraine, 1918–2018’ was compiled and published for the first time. It contains brief accounts of the lives, research management and public activities of the presidents, vice-presidents, chief scientific secretaries and academicians-secretaries of the divisions of the NAS of Ukraine.
5. The Biographical Encyclopedic Dictionary “Foreign Scientists-Emigrants from Ukraine in the Field of Fundamental and Technical Sciences” has been prepared for printing and published. The dictionary is built on the basis of the developed methodological principle of the status of a national scientist with an appropriate definition. It contains over 650 biographies of Ukrainians who, for various reasons, left their homeland, becoming famous scientists in the field of fundamental and technical sciences abroad over time and enriching their individual areas with outstanding results. Such a biographical encyclopedic dictionary is being published for the first time, it contains many new names. Most of its personalities are accompanied by portraits and a short bibliography.
6. The book “National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Personal composition. 1918–2018”, which provides brief information about the life, scientific and scientific-organizational activities of academicians and corresponding members of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine during its existence - 1918–2018. Biographical information about foreign members of the NAS of Ukraine is also provided.

2. Formation of the attractiveness of the scientific profession and the positive attitude of Ukrainian society (Approved by the Order of the Presidium of the NAS of Ukraine dated 29 July 2015 No. 517, by the Decision of the Bureau of the Department of History, Philosophy and Law of the NAS of Ukraine dated 2 July 2015 No. 5).

Scientific Supervisor: Ryzhko L.V., Doctor of Sciences in Philosophy, Professor, Senior Researcher

Deadlines:1st quarter 2016 - 4th quarter 2018

Research objective: to provide a theoretical justification of the relationship between cognitive, social, communicative and psychological factors of the implementation of scientists' professional activities, the scientist's understanding of their own: to carry out a theoretical justification of the relationship between cognitive, social, communicative and psychological factors in the implementation of the professional activities of scientists, scientists' understanding of their role in society, professional responsibility, research into the transformations of the professional ethos of scientists.

Assessment of scientific and technical level: meets high-level international standards, has no analogues abroad.

The most important scientific results obtained:

1. The concept of professional and educational activities of a scientist in modern postmodern culture, which is characterized by heterogeneity, dynamism of values and meanings, instability, risks, and globalization challenges, has been developed. The assessment of experts (employees of the NAS of Ukraine) on the state of prestige of the profession "scientist" in Ukraine is presented. The modern Ukrainian and world experience in solving the problems of popularizing science, attracting young people to science, and training scientific personnel is summarized. Practical recommendations have been formulated for effectively solving the problems of increasing the attractiveness of the scientific profession, the positive attitude of Ukrainian society towards science, and attracting public and private capital investments for the development of fundamental and applied science in Ukraine. Based on the results, the monograph "Scientist in Postmodern Culture" was published in 2019.

2. By analyzing theoretical sources and conducting a special expert survey of scientists of the NAS of Ukraine, problems and factors (institutional, economic, moral, communication) that contribute to the implementation of the professional activity of a scientist were identified and described. It is shown that in the conditions of a globalizing world, a characteristic feature of a researcher's career is a network form of connections, which is characterized by various types of mobility (internal, international, inter-sectoral, interdisciplinary).
3. The study found that a key reason why research careers have become less attractive is the profession’s transformation from an exceptional occupation into an ordinary one. Another factor is the growing share of other creative professions in society that offer better working conditions, career progression, pay and opportunities for communication, and are in greater demand in practice.
4. It was found that the excessive one-sided orientation of modern science to achieving pragmatically oriented results leads to its loss of socio-cultural positions, which results in a decline in the level of innovation culture in society as a whole, especially in the field of management and business. This state of affairs can inhibit the development of the country's own science, influence the state policy of international cooperation in the scientific and technological sphere, in particular its predominant orientation towards importing foreign high-tech products.
5. The study demonstrated that the continuing decline of Ukrainian science over the past quarter-century has run counter to the growth of science worldwide, including in Europe. In particular, the number of researchers has fallen almost fivefold, R&D expenditure as a share of GDP has fallen by an order of magnitude, and researchers’ working conditions have deteriorated. This has significantly changed science’s influence not only on the country’s economic development but also on the formation of a scientific worldview in society, especially among young people.

3. Theoretical and methodological substantiation of the development of the system of management of the scientific and technological sphere of Ukraine (Approved by the Order of the Presidium of the NAS of Ukraine dated 31 December 2015 No. 802, by the decision of the Bureau of Economics of the NAS of Ukraine dated 23 December 2015 No. 9. Decision of the Expert Council at the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine dated 30 December 2015 No. 9).

Scientific supervisors – Mekh O.A., Doctor of Economics, Professor, Head of Department No. 3

Deadlines: Q1 2016–Q4 2018

The purpose of the research on the topic is to conduct, based on the generalization of domestic and foreign experience, the improvement of scientific and methodological principles of the analysis of the scientific and technological potential of Ukraine in the context of the transition to an innovative model of development of the national economy.

Assessment of scientific and technical level: has no analogues in Ukraine, meets high-level international standards.

Annotated report on the results of the implementation

Research on the problem of creating "growth points"/"clusters" of development in the field of scientific and technological activity in the context of public-private partnership allowed to clarify the existing theoretical and practical aspects of the application of terms such as "growth point" and "cluster". The choice of promising segments in domestic sectors of the economy, on the basis of which it is advisable to form joint "growth points"/"clusters", is substantiated. One of the modern mechanisms for the development of commercial innovations by domestic companies is crowdfunding platforms, which act as alternative sources of financing. Considering the evolution of the human resources potential of the NAS of Ukraine, it was determined that the decrease in the number of researchers in its institutions was less critical than in the scientific sphere of Ukraine in general, and to restore the human resources potential of science, it is necessary to ensure the growth of young people in the Academy at a level of at least 15% each year, at least for the next 5 years. Research into the scientific orientation of domestic legislation based on the base of legislative acts adopted by higher state authorities has shown stable, multidirectional trends in changes in the scientific orientation of legislative acts during 1992-2017. Trends in the development of norm-setting have revealed weak interaction of state authorities in creating legislative foundations for scientific and technological activities and competition for managerial powers in the country between the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine and the Administration of the President of Ukraine. This makes it impossible to develop strategic approaches to the formation and implementation of a single (transversal) state (public) scientific and technological policy in Ukraine. Administrative competition between the highest state authorities in Ukraine is becoming the main factor hindering the reform of the management system of the scientific and technological sphere and the effective modernization of its constituent elements.

The most important scientific results obtained:

1. Based on the analysis of the state of the scientific and technological sphere management system (STSMS) in Ukraine, its structural transformations, the modern structure of the STSMS is shown, as well as the absence of effectively operating system elements (the component of searching and selecting scientific and scientific and technical priorities, the component of effective commercialization of NNTD results; the component of providing feedback, information monitoring and support for STS based on modern ICT; the component of providing informal influence in order to improve the quality of the STS management process). An analysis of modern structural changes related to the STSMS (the formation of the National Council of Ukraine for the Development of Science and Technology, the Scientific and Administrative Committees of the National Council, the National Research Foundation (NRF) of Ukraine) was performed;
2. Through a comprehensive analysis of the array of primary statistical information at the meso- and micro-levels on resource support for research and development, the main trends in gross and specific financing of scientific and technical organizations by main sources of funds in disciplinary and departmental aspects in the 21st century were identified. The features of the manifestations of the modern dualistic model of financing for research and development in a regional context were identified, namely the predominance of budget financing in the capital region and the combination of foreign and entrepreneurial resources in other regions of the country. It was determined that the decline in the overall level of support for science in Ukraine during 2014-2016 by 76.2% was due to mainly destructive actions of an economic nature and the utilitarian worldview of political circles;
3. The experience of EU member states in state support for innovative enterprises is analyzed from the point of view of the most common instruments for their stimulation: state procurement of innovations (stimulating demand for innovations), introduction of special regimes for the protection of intellectual property rights, promotion of the creation of start-ups and expanding their access to venture capital, promotion of an increase in the supply of highly qualified labor, etc. The feasibility of introducing a research tax credit initially with an incremental method, and after reaching a certain threshold amount of expenses for innovative activity - with a volumetric calculation method is substantiated. Preferential taxation of labor costs associated with the implementation of innovative projects without limiting the amount of qualified expenses and with the possibility of distributing payments over time is relevant. Fiscal incentives aimed at supporting new enterprises that have joint projects with research organizations are also effective. It is advisable to create an electronic application submission system that will speed up the application process and reduce the risks of corruption by avoiding personal contact between the applicant and a civil servant;
4. It was found that in Ukraine there is a low level of innovation activity and receptivity of industrial enterprises, which urgently requires the introduction of new policy instruments to strengthen the connection between science and business. Innovative development of enterprises can be enhanced by using open innovations within the framework of innovative cooperation between enterprises and scientific institutions through the mediation of innovation brokers for technology transfer. It is necessary to transition from a traditional innovation system to a modern innovation ecosystem with the following characteristics: strong entrepreneurial spirit; effective intermediaries between scientific institutions, on the one hand, and business, on the other; high receptivity of innovations by enterprises that use scientific results; mobility of personnel and ideas;
5. In the process of analyzing the state of the scientific and technological sphere of Ukraine in the context of the functioning of public-private partnership (state, science and business in the creation of joint "growth points"/"clusters"), the theoretical and practical aspects of the development of such problems as "growth point" and "cluster" were clarified, the existing domestic practice of their creation in various sectors of the country's economy was analyzed. Promising segments in domestic sectors of the economy (IT industry) were identified, which have dynamic growth, are tied to the global economy and on the basis of which it is advisable to create joint "growth points"/"clusters". Among the mechanisms for domestic companies to bring commercial innovations to the market, crowdfunding platforms are effective;
6. The study of the dynamics of the age structure of scientific personnel revealed that it adequately reflects not only the background of past changes, but also contains information about real opportunities and fundamental limitations in the further evolution of the human resources potential of science, which must be taken into account when forming the state policy on the development of science. Taking this into account, a new method for predicting the evolution of the age structure and quantitative characteristics of scientific personnel has been developed. Using the aforementioned method, a series of forecasting and analytical works have been carried out, which investigated the prospects for further evolution and the possibility of reviving the human resources potential of Ukraine, the results of which were reported at international conferences in Minsk, Bishkek, Kyiv, Odessa, Kamianets-Podilskyi (the results were published in authoritative domestic and foreign scientific publications). The main conclusions that were drawn as a result of these research:

– renewal of personnel scientific potential to European standards of scientific support for innovative development in all the named countries will require more than one decade;

– in Ukraine, the greatest losses occurred, compared to neighboring countries, and an extraordinary situation has developed, when the youth replenishment of science has already become even less than its losses due to natural mortality, therefore, even more time and effort are needed to reach such standards, therefore, extraordinary measures are needed to change the attitude of the state and society to science, which would ensure an increase in the attractiveness of the researcher’s profession;

– postponing such measures even for several years will lead to a disproportionate increase in the time and funds needed to achieve this goal.

4. Studying the life cycle and using information technology to support the conversion of formalised knowledge into a production function (approved by the Order of the Presidium of the NAS of Ukraine dated 1 November 2016 No. 606, by the decision of the Bureau of the Department of Informatics of the NAS of Ukraine dated 8 September 2016 No. 7-B. Decision of the Expert Council at the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine dated 14 September 2016 No. 3).

Scientific Supervisor: Solovyov V.P., Doctor of Economics, Professor, Deputy Director of the Institute, Head of the Center for Innovation and Technological Development.

Deadlines: 1st quarter 2017 - 4th quarter 2020

The purpose of the study is to identify theoretical principles by which the speed of replacement of basic production technologies affects modern production practice in the context of achieving the required volumes and required quality of consumed products, as well as to search for the dependence of this speed on the mechanisms of transforming knowledge generated by science into new technologies and into appropriate methods of labor organization.

Assessment of scientific and technical level: has no analogues abroad, meets high-level international standards.

Annotated report on the results of the implementation

The channels of inquiry from practice to the scientific community regarding the formulation of new problems for applied science were investigated. The imperfections of these channels were identified in relation to the structural characteristics of the corresponding interface. The criteria for the transformability of knowledge into scientific and technical products were specified according to the stages of the innovation life cycle.

The most important scientific results obtained:

Since the development of the theory of innovative activity as a systemic process in a competitive economy continued, the regularities of interaction of implicit and acquired knowledge were formulated within the framework of this theory. At the same time, a way of political definition of the general circle of interests of the authorities, science and business within Ukraine was proposed in order to create an institutional possibility of balanced decision-making according to the principle of the "triple helix" regarding domestic social and global technological progress. Working towards the application of the aforementioned theory in the practical plane, the features of the market of scientific and technical (intellectual) products were discussed. The asymmetry of this market relative to traditional industry markets has been confirmed. The point is that in the usual market for commodity products, the number of buyers significantly exceeds the number of sellers, precisely when the number of buyers of intellectual products is significantly smaller than those who produce intellectual products, that is, those who bring intellectual products to a marketable form. Political discussions about the role of natural and scientific reason in ensuring the well-being of society have forced us to consider social and scientific and technological progress from a historical and philosophical point of view. Such studies have allowed us to propose a hypothesis about the technological basis and social support of the Fourth Industrial Revolution.

A theory and methodology for improving the interactive human-machine interface for transforming formalized knowledge generated at the stages of the innovation life cycle into parameters for managing the production function, as well as further developing the principles of functioning of virtual scientific and innovative centers, were developed.

5. Exploring opportunities to integrate academy-based and education-sector research in Ukraine (approved by the Order of the Presidium of the NAS of Ukraine dated 26 February 2019 No. 135).

Scientific Supervisor: Malitsky B.A., Doctor of Economics, Professor, Bulkin I.O., Candidate of Economic Sciences, Senior Researcher

Deadlines: Q1 2018–Q4 2021

Research objective: development of a holistic concept of the evolution of academic and university forms of organizing scientific and research activities in Ukraine. This involves identifying patterns and directions of their organizational interaction in order to substantiate the integration prospects of the relevant sectors of science.

Assessment of scientific and technical level: has no analogues in Ukraine.

Annotated report on the results of the implementation in 2019

The collection and processing of information and analytical materials on the state of scientific potential of the academic and university sectors of science based on statistical data and reports of universities and scientific institutions has begun. The world and domestic experience of integration interaction of academic and university sectors of science is being studied in order to create a classification of its organizational forms. The historical, economic and social prerequisites for the emergence of integration processes between individual sectors of academic and university science are being analyzed. On this basis, the existing experience of inter-sectoral interaction is being systematized, and opportunities for improving the functioning of joint structures and overcoming crisis phenomena are outlined.

The most important scientific results obtained:

1. Based on the processing of UkrNTEI information resources, a sample of registration cards of scientific and technical works as of 2018 was formed in the amount of 6749 units. Analysis of the content of the cards made it possible to distribute the performers of the works according to their departmental subordination, in particular, to identify the performers of the NAS of Ukraine (as representatives of academic science) and the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine (as representatives of university science). The number of topics where representatives of the mentioned departments are involved (1716 and 2127 units, respectively) does not correlate with the amount of funding of the departments according to the State Statistics Service of Ukraine. That is, a number of scientific and technical works that are actually carried out in the country go beyond registration with UkrNTEI. The excessive presence of institutions of the Ministry of Education and Science in the array of registration documents is associated with the spread of the phenomenon of registering "empty" topics that do not have separate financial support. The share of such works in the Ministry of Education and Science is close to 50%, and the aforementioned practice is aimed at creating a pro-scientific image of the activities of higher education institutions. 95 precedents of interaction between NAS and MES institutions were localized in 2018 at the level of the procedure for ordering and implementing specific scientific topics (slightly more than 1% of the number of all declared topics). Most cases are characterized by paired interaction of institutions of both sectors with a very limited amount of funding. They contrast with examples of "cluster" cooperation within the framework of the implementation of large complex topics, in particular, as in the case of the activities of the National Antarctic Center of Ukraine or the implementation of a number of foreign orders;
2. The problem of reproducing highly qualified scientific personnel in the national and global context is studied. Systemic problems associated with the outdated (Soviet) system of training highly qualified scientific personnel (postgraduate and doctoral studies) in scientific institutions and higher education institutions, which is strictly administered by the state and does not provide for competition in programs for training highly qualified specialists, are localized. An analysis of the disciplinary structure of training highly qualified personnel in Ukraine for the period 1993-2008 indicates a rapid increase in the share of new candidates and doctors of science in legal, pedagogical, and economic disciplines and a decrease in the share of natural sciences. It is suggested that the state policy of training highly qualified scientific personnel in Ukraine is not integrated with the policy of national scientific and innovation priorities, while the strict administration of the processes of training highly qualified specialists hinders the development of modern processes of doctoral education and enables manifestations of corruption in this area;
3. A study of the Ukrainian legislative system was carried out in the context of reflecting science, scientific and technical and innovation spheres in it as an indirect indicator of the level of knowledge-intensiveness of the country's development. A systemic problem of inconsistency in the content of scientific, scientific-technological and innovative topics of regulatory and legal acts, as well as the imperfection of the process of implementing legislative norms, has been identified. It has been proven that the existence of regulatory and legal acts related to science in Ukraine in no way motivates domestic economic entities to directly or indirectly participate in the scientific and technological development of the state, which makes it impossible for science to have an effective impact on the real economy;
4. Changes in publication activity of researchers of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine with age were studied. The list of scientific publications of 118 full members of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and several dozen doctors of sciences who are not its members was analyzed. It was established that the maximum publication activity of scientists occurs on average at the age of 55–65, that is, 20–25 years later than was observed in the first half of the twentieth century. Based on the analysis of chronological indicators of printed works, it was determined that the most cited works are mostly published at the age of 55 to 59. This is explained by the fact that over the past half century, significant changes have occurred in the nature of scientific work, which require adjustments to the management of scientific teams;
5. The scientific and technical potential of scientific institutions and universities of Ukraine in terms of participation in international scientific and technical cooperation has been studied. It was found that the majority of higher educational institutions and research institutions are poorly prepared for international cooperation with leading universities of the world at a high scientific level. An analysis of the participation of Ukrainian experts, researchers, postgraduates and students in open research seminars of the National Bank of Ukraine confirms the statement about the insufficient integration of Ukrainian research institutions into the world scientific space, at least in the direction of "economics". To improve the situation, it is necessary not only to improve the institutional capacity of scientific institutions and universities to conduct high-quality research, but also to more actively revise educational programs, taking into account the achievements of world science;
6. During 2017–2018, Ukrainian science crossed the threshold beyond which even increased support would not be able to stop the reduction of its human resources. If the policy of supporting science does not change and the trends of degradation of human resources continue, then in this case the probable losses (3552 people) will be greater than the number of younger age groups in 2022 (3217 people). Therefore, the increase in the number of personnel, which could be expected in five years if the influx of young people doubles, will be completely “absorbed” due to natural mortality. A small improvement in the situation, which ensures the stabilization of the influx of young people into science or even its increase by 1 ÷ 5 percent, is no longer enough to stabilize the human resources potential of Ukrainian science, and even more so to begin its restoration.

6. PROGRAM-TARGETED SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE SCIENTIST PROFESSION (METHODOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-CULTURAL ANALYSIS) (Approved by the Order of the Presidium of the NAS of Ukraine dated 3 December 2018 No. 679, by the Resolution of the Bureau of the Department of History, Philosophy and Law of the NAS of Ukraine dated 31 May 2018 No. 4, by the Decision of the Expert Council on the Evaluation of Topics of Fundamental Scientific Research Works at the NAS of Ukraine dated 30 January 2019 No. 2).

Scientific Supervisor: Ryzhko L.V., Doctor of Sciences in Philosophy, Professor, Senior Researcher

Deadlines: 1st quarter 2019 - 4th quarter 2021

Research objective: to provide a theoretical justification of the relationship between cognitive, social, communicative and psychological factors of the implementation of scientists' professional activities, the scientist's understanding of their own: creation of a concept of program-targeted research, the task of which is to solve practical problems, reveal the relationship between cognitive, social, pragmatic and fundamental scientific knowledge, as well as transformations in the professional culture of a scientist caused by the customization of program-targeted research.

Assessment of scientific and technical level: has no analogues in Ukraine.

The most important scientific results obtained:

1. A manifestation of the pragmatic orientation of modern science is the organization of program-targeted scientific research (PTSR). It has been established that the main epistemological, methodological and organizational components are transformed in PTSR. In particular, the following trends appear: the subject of the research process becomes an element of a multidisciplinary environment, which includes not only scientists, but also educators, managers, practitioners, politicians, experts, etc., transforming research into a transdisciplinary process. Scientific knowledge is characterized by innovation, contextuality, reflexivity and responsibility. This means that in these studies, knowledge about the object is supplemented by knowledge about the subject, its needs, values, preferences, and becomes humanitarian and socially oriented. In methodological terms, the role of operational, algorithmic knowledge is increasing, which means replacing the epistemological procedure of reflection with the procedures of construction and design. Knowledge from universal becomes contextual - oriented to a specific customer. Traditional forms of presentation of scientific knowledge - laws, theories are supplemented by concepts, programs, projects, scenarios, methods. The result of the implementation of the PCND can be the development of technologies, new types of equipment and materials, scientific and methodological recommendations, proposals, analytical materials, etc.
2. A retrospective analysis of the use of a program-target approach in the management of scientific and technological development in the USSR and the changes that have occurred in the formation, financing and implementation of state targeted scientific and scientific and technical programs in independent Ukraine allowed us to draw conclusions that the following measures will contribute to increasing the effectiveness of the use of the program-target approach: when developing programs, preference should be given to those that will contribute to the development of important sectors of the economy for the country, have a social orientation and ensure sustainable economic growth; at the stages of program formation, management and forecasting specialists should be involved in this process, as well as training of such specialists should be provided in leading educational institutions; organize public hearings at the state level on the results of the implementation of state targeted programs with the participation of scientific experts, specialists in relevant industries and the public, expand the opportunities for program managers to influence the course of their implementation; carry out a number of measures that will contribute to the improvement of the regulatory and methodological framework of programming, which will increase the level of use of the opportunities and advantages of the program-target approach in the implementation of priority areas of development of science and technology of Ukraine.
3. Analysis of the experience of organizing and conducting program-targeted research, as well as determining the methodological principles of program-targeted planning in some European countries and the USA made it possible to draw the following conclusions: it is advisable to apply and develop modern forms and types of centralized planning; it is necessary to strengthen the direct participation of the state in target programs; to support regional initiatives; to use the experience of "merging" companies and research centers in various fields, which ensures good testing, and subsequently the implementation of target programs.
4. The study found that goal-oriented programme planning has both advantages and drawbacks, largely reflecting an underdeveloped research base. Drawbacks include an incomplete methodology, with no clear, stable definitions for many concepts underpinning the design and implementation of comprehensive programmes; a lack of consensus among researchers on key concepts of programme-based planning and management and on the relationship between a plan and a comprehensive targeted programme; management systems that, at a certain stage of development, lose contact with the problems they were created to solve; and a lack of suitable methods for calculating programmes’ economic effectiveness. Programme-based, goal-oriented research entails greater influence of market-driven institutions on science, threatening its autonomy. This may adversely affect research quality, researchers’ intellectual freedom and working conditions, particularly in short-term projects, and ultimately slow the future theoretical development of science.

7. Exploring the challenges in developing and strengthening the NAS of Ukraine’s contribution to national socioeconomic development and world science (approved by the Resolution of the Bureau of the Department of Informatics of the NAS of Ukraine dated July 25, 2014 No. 1 and the Order of the Presidium of the NAS of Ukraine dated 8 September 2015 No. 575).

Scientific supervisors: Malitsky B.A., Doctor of Economics, Professor, Director of the Institute, Grachev O.O., Candidate of Technical Sciences, Head of Department No. 6.

Deadlines: Q1 2015–Q4 2019

Research objective:develop proposals for an objective assessment and promising mechanisms and forms of increasing the contribution of the NAS of Ukraine to the socio-economic development of the state and world science, as well as the development of the processes of integration of the NAS of Ukraine in the global scientific space.

Assessment of scientific and technical level: has no analogues in Ukraine, meets high-level international standards.

Annotated report on the results of the implementation

Scientometric monitoring of the development of the scientific potential of the NAS of Ukraine in comparison with other national academies of sciences was carried out. Trends in international scientific and technical cooperation of the NAS of Ukraine were studied and recommendations were developed for optimizing state support for innovative scientific research based on the application of a program-indicative approach. Publications of domestic and foreign media on science and activities of the NAS of Ukraine were monitored.

The most important scientific results obtained:

1. Information, reference and analytical data on the academies of sciences of 117 countries of the world, 51 academic organizations of young scientists and specialists and 28 international academic organizations are summarized. The information provided is based on data from 2017-2018 on the goals and objectives of academic institutions, their structure, as well as data on publications, awards, and the participation of women and youth in their activities. Comparison of the achievements of the academies of sciences was analyzed based on data on Nobel laureates and holders of other prestigious international awards. A conclusion was made regarding the possibilities of effective functioning of various forms of organization of academic science while ensuring basic conditions for functioning of academic organizations and the presence of independent components: societies of outstanding scientists, research institutions not related to education and dissemination of knowledge through work in universities or through training of doctoral students, doctoral students, masters, as well as presentation of the obtained data at scientific forums, in various audiences, etc. The results of the study were used in the preparation of the monograph "Academic Science of the Countries of the World".
2. The historical aspects and modern experience of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine are considered in the context of studying the evolution and effectiveness of the functioning of the academic form of organizing science. It is shown that the centuries-old historical experience of the Academy, on the one hand, confirmed the objective demand for academic science in society and the viability of the principles and mechanisms of its functioning, on the other hand, revealed the dependence of the effectiveness of scientific activity in each separate period of history on the influence of factors of the existing economic formation and the corresponding socio-economic and political conditions. It is shown that the scientific and scientific-technical potential and experience of scientific-organizational activity accumulated by 1991 allow the Academy, even in the conditions of a catastrophic decline in state funding of science and the progressive deindustrialization of the country, to achieve fundamental results at the forefront of world science, to offer production promising scientific and technical developments and innovative technologies. The experience of interaction between the Academy and university science is analyzed, the urgent need to take into account the systemic interconnection of each of these forms, their special functions, the history of formation and their place in the structure of the country's scientific and educational potential is emphasized. It is emphasized that the objective differentiation of the functions of each of these forms of science in society is not leveled, but on the contrary, becomes clearer and more multifaceted in the process of their integration, which has always been and remains a natural mechanism of structural transformations in the institutional sphere of science. At the same time, practice shows that any artificial violent intervention in this mechanism leads only to negative consequences, and, first of all, for fundamental academic science. The historical and modern experience of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine convincingly proves the effectiveness of academic science and the objective need for it by society. It was concluded that from the standpoint of ensuring sustainable progressive development and national security of Ukraine based on the transition to an innovative economy, state policy in the field of science should in no way be in the plane of denying the leading and fundamental role of academic science in these processes and refusing to support it. Based on the results of the study, relevant proposals were made to the Committee on Science, Education and Innovations of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine.
3. In continuation of previous monitoring studies, an analysis of modern methodological problems of implementing methods of scientometric assessment of the state and trends in the development of scientific potential and the effectiveness of scientific activity of scientific institutions of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, other national academies of sciences, higher education institutions and business sectors of the scientific sphere of Ukraine was carried out. It is shown that the practice of applying the regulatory legal acts adopted in the last four years on the use of scientometric indicators (primarily bibliometric indicators of citation of scientific works) to assess the productivity and effectiveness of scientific work of scientists and scientific teams is not devoid of significant flaws in terms of ensuring the objectification of the assessment and the stimulating role of its criteria.
4. A conclusion has been made on the need to create a comprehensive national scientometric database system in the country based on the principles of a systems approach. In particular, the structure of its cluster elements (necessary and sufficient) and functional relationships and interactions between them should be clearly defined. Certain basic elements have already been created on the web platform of the V.I. Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine (for example, the databases "Bibliometrics of Ukrainian Science", the abstract database "Ukrainika Naukova", etc.).

Together with the National Science and Technology Research Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, the development of the draft of the State Targeted Scientific and Technical Program “Creation of a National Scientometric System” is initiated

5. A comparative analysis of two methodological models that have been normatively introduced in the country in the last two years to assess the effectiveness of scientific, scientific-technical and innovative activities of scientific institutions has been carried out. The first of them is the model of state certification of scientific institutions, which is regulated by national regulatory legal acts: “The Procedure for Conducting State Certification of Scientific Institutions”, approved by the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine dated July 19, 2017 No. 540; and “Methodology for Assessing the Effectiveness of Scientific, Scientific-Technical and Innovative Activities of a Scientific Institution”, approved by the Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine dated September 17, 2018 No. 1008). The second object of the study is the model of departmental (industry) assessment of the activities of scientific institutions of the NAS of Ukraine (the corresponding Methodology was approved by the Resolution of the Presidium of the NAS of Ukraine dated March 15, 2017 No. 75).
6. A conclusion has been made on the feasibility of using the assessment model used in the NAS of Ukraine system during scheduled inspections to analyze the level and effectiveness of the activities of scientific institutions.you for a 5-year period. At the same time, according to the results of the study, it is considered necessary to ensure a higher degree of its integration with the methodology of state certification, as well as simplify the assessment procedure and reduce the bureaucratic burden on scientific institutions. When assessing the effectiveness of the current activities of scientific institutions and their divisions (in the format of annual reports), preparing proposals for the distribution of basic budget funding and forming budget programs to support the development of priority areas of scientific research, it would be productive to use a formalized rating methodological toolkit, which, in particular, is used in the state certification model.
7. Based on the analysis of the dynamics of the age structure of researchers of the NAS of Ukraine and domestic science in general, using the method of endogenous forecasting of the evolution of the human resource potential of science, it was demonstrated that it is the most inertial component of scientific potential and not only for its increase, but even for stabilizing the number of researchers both in the scientific sphere of Ukraine in general and in the institutions of the NAS of Ukraine. It is necessary to increase the involvement of young people in science at a level of at least 15% each year, at least for the next 8 years. At the same time, the fact that over the past 5 years the state authorities have not taken any measures to overcome the critical situation that has developed with the human resources potential of science has led to a significant acceleration of the pace of its collapse. This will not only lead to the loss of entire scientific areas and schools, as well as to a decrease in the potential of applied research and development and inventive activity, but will also necessitate significantly greater costs for the stabilization and restoration of the NAS of Ukraine.

8. DEVELOPMENT OF APPROACHES TO SYSTEMIC MODERNIZATION OF SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITY IN UKRAINE THROUGH DETERMINING GROWTH POINTS OF DOMESTIC SCIENTIFIC POTENTIAL BASED ON THE APPLICATION OF MODERN METHODS OF ANALYSIS AND FORECASTING ITS DEVELOPMENT (approved by the Resolution of the Bureau of the Department of Informatics of the NAS of Ukraine dated July 25, 2014 No. 1 and the Resolution of the Presidium of the NAS of Ukraine dated September 8, 2015 No. 575).

Scientific Supervisor: Popovich O.S., Doctor of Economics, Senior Researcher, Bulkin I.O., Candidate of Economics, Senior Researcher

Deadlines: Q1 2015–Q4 2017

The purpose of the research on the topic is to form a platform for a comprehensive analysis of the processes of scientific and technological development of Ukraine at the level of structural elements of its scientific system and the study of the reasons that determine the stratification of the scientific system of Ukraine, covering the most significant miscalculations in the implementation of the state's scientific policy.

Annotated report on the results of the implementation.

Since independence, Ukraine’s science policy has prioritised conserving existing scientific and technological capacity under the banner of preservation. It has never become coherent, consistent or, consequently, sufficiently effective. A study therefore examined changes in segments of Ukraine’s science and technology capacity, combining statistical and morphological analysis to identify promising directions for development. Amid acute budget shortfalls, government science and technology policy failed to shift from a passive approach to selective modernisation. At the same time, individual, weakly connected segments of the research system became more influential in shaping the overall trajectory of Ukrainian science. This reflected poor coordination of priorities across the many actors involved in science and technology policy. To establish a more objective basis for determining how Ukraine’s research sector should develop, methodological approaches were proposed for identifying its actual development priorities and adapted using empirical material. A comprehensive analysis of funding for scientific and technical activity, broken down by structural elements of the research system and major sources of finance, identified the causes and drivers of the system’s stratification and the most serious failures in national science policy.

The most important scientific results obtained:

1. Based on the use of an array of primary statistical information at the meso- and micro-levels (in terms of science sectors, regions, departments performing research and development and individual scientific organizations), a social approach to research on resource support for scientific and technical activities was substantiated, according to which the quality and intensity of the flow of economic processes is influenced by specific social shells in which research and development is carried out in Ukraine. This approach made it possible to determine the actual disciplinary and departmental priorities in the implementation of instruments of foreign, business, budget financing of science, as well as financing at the own expense of scientific organizations. Using the social approach to research on resource support, the scale of the crisis in the scientific and technical sphere of Ukraine over the past quarter century was assessed. It was determined that the reduction of the resource base in constant prices was almost seven times; The priority areas of financing scientific developments by foreign customers in recent years have been the spheres of power engineering, instrument making and chemical sciences (in terms of organic synthesis), etc. In terms of types of scientific and technical activity, the relevant areas for applying the mechanism of financing research and development at the expense of own funds at the macro level are work in the field of aviation and power engineering, materials processing, electrical engineering, computer technology and automation, and with reservations - in the field of biological and agricultural sciences. It was determined that in the 2010s, restructuring processes in the domestic scientific system intensified, as a result of the resubordination of organizations from a number of ministries, a new powerful player was created in the person of the State Concern "Ukroboronprom". Despite the name, the spectrum of the concern's activities turned out to be much broader than the needs of ensuring the country's defense capability, that is, functionally it became a substitute for the previously liquidated Ministry of Industrial Policy, and took the leading places in terms of distributing funds simultaneously from the country's four leading sources of financing. On the one hand, this indicates the state's ability to constructively influence the scientific system under any economic conditions if there is a corresponding need, on the other hand, it demonstrates the artificiality of state policy in terms of the validity of the logic of administrative reform and ignoring the needs for the development of the scientific and technical potential of other departments. The militarization and commercialization of science in a narrow departmental and disciplinary segment has become a monopoly priority of the state scientific and technical policy, and has been carried out for four years thanks to all other areas. Based on the results of the research, a series of scientific articles was prepared for professional publications of Ukraine, some of which published on the Internet resource "Spilne".
2. Based on the developed approach to typifying the age structure of human resources, the variation of the ratio of men to women among researchers was studied both in the NAS of Ukraine as a whole and by science groups in the projection on the age structure of researchers in the period 2006–2015. It was found that the number of male researchers is decreasing at a faster rate than that of women, while the age profile of female researchers, especially in the humanities and social sciences, is quite balanced. Thanks to this gender “balance”, the excessive bias towards older age groups in the field of natural, technical and social sciences, which arose as a result of the conservative trend in the development of male human resources, is partially leveled. A detailed examination of the evolution of the age structure in the array of scientific organizations of the NAS of Ukraine proves the actual ineffectiveness of the implemented personnel policy in relation to male researchers of the younger and middle generations as a driving force for its qualitative renewal. The results of the study were presented in scientific publications (journal "Science and Science of Science") and presented as a scientific report at the XXVII Kyiv International Symposium on Science studies and the history of science "Science studies and the history of science: Past, Present, Future" - "Dobrov Readings", March 2017.

Formation of an annotated chronology of key events and facts of fundamental sciences

Doctor of Sciences in Physics and Mathematics, Prof. Yu.O. Khramov, Head of Department No. 1

Formation of the attractiveness of the scientific profession and the positive attitude of Ukrainian society towards science

Doctor of Sciences in Philosophy L.V. Ryzhko, Leading Researcher in Department No. 1

Theoretical and methodological substantiation of the development of the system of management of the scientific and technological sphere of Ukraine

Doctor of Sciences in Economics, Prof. O.A. Mekh, Head of Department No. 3

Studying the life cycle and using information technology to support the conversion of formalised knowledge into a production function

Doctor of Sciences in Economics, Prof. V.P. Solovyov, Deputy Director for Research and Head of the Centre for Innovation and Technological Development

Exploring the challenges in developing and strengthening the NAS of Ukraine’s contribution to national socioeconomic development and world science

Doctor of Sciences in Economics, Prof. B.A. Malitskyi, Director

Candidate of Technical Sciences Grachev O.O., Head of Department No. 6

Exploring opportunities to integrate academy-based and education-sector research in Ukraine

Candidate of Economic Sciences, Senior Researcher Bulkin I.O., Head of the MGL